Friday, October 08, 2004

"EX OPERE AUTHORATO?"

Someone posted a great question in the comments of the Joan of Arcadia post below, that I wanted to bring out for broader consideration.

The poster (anonymous, otherwise I'd credit you), noted first that Graham Greene lived a degenerate life, and according to the poster, an unrepentant one. My reading of the post is that the charge is Greene was a Clintonian style misogynist. So the poster asks:

What I am wondering is more generally, when thinking about the subject of literature and faith--and teaching it for that matter--is the author's life relevant? Flannery O'Connor wrote quoting St. Thomas, that "art does not require rectitude of the appetite." Can the life of an artist be so depraved as to diminish or even negate the value of his or her art?

A few thoughts...

I am going to go ahead and say, "No, but..."

I think very often that people who have been cracked wide open and made vulnerable by their own sins, can mediate some astoundingly truthfilled art, that the rest of us would be too buttoned down to even dream of.

An artist can comunicate powerfully whatever life has revealed to them. We call it "the Credo" at Act One, borrowing from Prof. Louis Catron of William and Mary. Whatever a writer would list as "This I know to be true" they can bring forth. Artists who have lived in the grip of the dark side, can speak convincingly, as the Pope said in his Letter to Artists, "about what the world without God looks like." The Pope actually said we owe gratitude to pagan artists who have struggled to truthfully convey the misery of the life without grace.

An artist who has had an experience of the Living God (ie. of Mercy, Goodness, Truth, Beauty,...or even just the warm, fuzzy comfort of a purring kitten kneading her little paws in your side...Did I mention I got a kitten a couple of weeks ago?) can convey that powerfully.

But I would not trust someone to tell me about sin through art, just because they happen to be a prodigious sinner. I think you need sin + grief to make something true and redemptive. You need to have a profound sense of falling short of your nature at the least, and ideally the certainty of having turned away from God ("Against You, You alone have I sinned. What is evil in Your sight, I have done."

My sense is, Graham Greene lived in a continual state of grief. As did Dostoevsky. As did Emily Dickinson. As did Lord Byron.

I remember once when I was in the convent, that I complained to the Provincial, that one of the other sister's was a genius at picking the speck out of everyone else's eye, but couldn't see the log in her own yadda, yadda, and therefore, I didn't think I should have to pay attantion to any of her comments. The Provincial, as it happens, carrying a degree in psychology said, "No, it may be with some people that the truth of their words is all they have to give."

When I first started training Christians as writers, it seemed to me that they were just too virtuous to have anything gritty and real to say. I thought erroneously that sinners have more profound things to say in art. But then one day a lovely woman in Ohio with the shade of suffering just behind her gentle eyes, noted to me that it is not sin that makes someone deep, but suffering. Self-inflcted suffering, ie. the kind that comes from sinning, might sting the most, and in that sense afford the greatest possible depth ("She who is forgiven much, loves much.", but there is no necessary connection between sinning and artistic creativity.

I am reading a book about the connection between artistic talent and psychology, specifically depression, which definitely establishes a connection, but isn't sure if the depression is a result of the demands of creativity, or if creativity is a flight from depression.

I would like to hear from some of you on this.

73 comments:

Anonymous said...

I have always been creative/artistic, but I never had anything important to say until I suffered depression and the grief of a sinner.

Anonymous said...

In response to the specific question whether depression is a result of the demands of creativity, or if creativity is a flight from depression--I think generally speaking the latter. Hundreds of thousands of people suffer--but it is only a small percentage of them who are able to express this in art.

I don't think artists who suffer create because they suffer, but rather despite the fact that they suffer. There is a certain amount of sheer tenacity and will power at work here. For many people who suffer from depression, it is a serious accomplishment to just be able to get out of bed each morning and go to a job--any kind of job--and be able to support yourself and live some kind of "ordinary" life.

I am the person who posted on Graham Greene. I want to emphasize that I was trying to bring into focus, albeit indirectly, that there are degrees of sin. All people are human and all are sinners, but there is a difference between a murdering Nazi and someone who steals a bar of chocolate from a shop just for the fun of it. I was looking at GG along this continuim and he is, in my view, at the extreme end. Then again, my view of sin is very much shaped by John Paul II's work on sexuality and I come from a feminist background. I know a number of very academic-oriented, intellectual male "Catholics" who simply chuckle when discussing the issue of sexual sin. In my view these people are lost souls who don't have a clue what their faith really teaches.

I have much more to say on this question of suffering and art, but I have to get going now. I will give it a think and maybe come back later.

BTW---Meeeeow. Congrats on your kitty.

Anonymous said...

I believe that Steven Graydanus has his answer to this in the FAQ section of decentfilms.com...

Pretty much, he says that God works in mysterious ways, and he gives talent where he wills--and he doesn't take it away when the talented person commits adultery or murder, or writes a piece of pornographic trash. Faithful Christians should read and watch good art wherever they find it, and if a serial killer wrote a great novel (both in moral and literary quality) then it should be accepted as a great novel. If you know nothing about a given work, and you know that the author leads a degenerate lifestyle, than caution is certainly advised, but if the work is good it should be read.

Maybe serial killer is an extreme example--I seriously doubt one of those would write a great novel, and if they did the police would probably arrest them--but, in general, I think it is the art that should be judged, not the person.

BTW, the might have something there with depression--I've noticed that most of the great classical composers seemed to lead pretty messed up lives, and many writers do as well, though I don't think it's required.

S.S.

Anonymous said...

There is a link to depression / suffering and creativity. I did a research project on this topic, and there are many studies to link suffering with the ability to create. One of them links creativity to excessive childhood pain, which I think makes the most sense. When one experiences suffering as a child, your imagination has a tendency to take over in order to make sense of things you can't logically process. And so your imagination grows as you mature. There are other studies on chemical imbalances and creativity, etc., but the point is that there is a link.
Also, keep in mind that creativity perpetuates depression. One of the above posters was correct when they said that art requires great introspection AND isolation. You have to take the dark places that most people want to conceal and bring them to the surface for the world to empathize with. And that's true for any genre or medium. Composers are included in this as well as gifted scientists. Creativity reaches beyond the bounds of the aesthetic and can be found in most pursuits. Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Lewis Thomas... these are all highly creative people as well.
I ramble entirely too much.
elizabeth

Kathy said...

Tarantino may or may not have suffered (I hear his father was a lout) but seems to have decided to hide from suffering and its consequences underneath a pile of obscure Hong Kong action movies. The result: flashy empty movies devoid of substance. Fans insist there MUST be substance, and troll for it endlessly, but I remain unconvinced. He is simply making movies about how "cool" criminals are, a very juvenile conceit.

Self-inflicted suffering may be good for art. An excellent point. But I don't believe other "self"- things are superior spiritually. For instance, we are all supposed to be so impressed because Henri Nouwen gave up a prestigious career and joined L'Arche. But he still had a choice. He was still talented enough to go back to his regular job and stop making a spectacle of himself in countless repetitive books as the great martyr of the handicapped. (Who found him a real pain to live with, btw).

Unchosen suffering is surely more valuable in terms of "cosmic economics" than such "giving up chocolate for Lent" projects. Simone Weil wrote well about this even though, ironically, so much of her suffering was voluntary too, not to mention pretentious. Flannery O'Connor could not NOT have lupus. As I have lupus myself I admit to being biased, but do I think her art/religious writing therefore "counts" for more? Of course.

Being a real poor person counts for more than being a Catholic Worker from a middle class background. Jesus no doubt disagrees :-) (I'm thinking of the workers who all received the same wage). So I should give this theory more thought...

Anonymous said...

Raymond Chandler was a writer who chose to use the hardboiled mystery genre to exercise his art, even though he didn't have a high opinion of most mystery novels being written.

In his famous essay, "The Simple Art of Murder," Chandler wrote that all art must have "a quality of redemption" -- which in Chandler's stories appears in the guise of the man who goes down these mean streets who is not himself mean -- and where there is redemption there must be something redeemable, something to be redeemed from, and something to be redeemed to.

To the extent Chandler was right about the need for this quality, I suppose an artist could get by with presenting just one of these three somethings. The perfection of art would include all three somethings, and so necessarily approach Christianity.

[As for the notion of suffering artist, Chandler was prone to depression and repeated the "great art lost to booze" pattern of many famous (and no doubt many more unfamous) writers.]

Cynthia Duck said...

God speaks through donkeys, heathen, and sometimes even me. Art comes from the artist's heart. Depravity is
often the result of a God-thirsty heart seeking to fulfill its desires with other gods.

Negating art based on how the artist quenched his spiritual thirst might exclude avenues through which the Holy Spirit can do His work. Most human hearts ask the same questions, but the answers we discover can be quite different.

Enjoyed the comments. Thanks for the discussion.

Anonymous said...

One psychological definition for creativity is “divergent thinking.” Imagination entails an ability to discover, explore or invent a variety of scenarios - whether good or bad. Writers who have the sensitivity and reflective bent to write with emotional depth (often scoring as a “J” rather than a “P” on the Myers-Briggs), often find it difficult to turn it off when processing the challenges of the real world.

Often such sensitivity comes from a natural disposition (highly correlated to introversion) and poignant experiences that impel a person to go beyond a surface-level type of response. Research in child abuse, for example, often distinguishes responses to stress as internalized (e.g., depression, withdrawal, and self-defeating behavior) or externalized (e.g., hyperactivity, violence, and acting out behavior). Sometimes these response patterns can be mixed at different cognitive levels as when a withdrawn person has an active imagination expressing a theme of triumph over victimization. But every cycle of victory requires an imagined experience of victimization. And sometimes the self-identification with the actor fails to remain in the shadow.

Though workaholics may be denying themselves authentic opportunities for self-examination, writers and artists with consistent work habits tend to be less prone to depression. Those who create only when they have peak moments (when they’re in the mood) are epitomized by bipolar creative types who often produce exceptional material in their manic states, but lapse into stagnation in the intervening states of depression. I’ve also encountered artists who describe their down periods as post-partum depression after “giving birth” to a finished project.

We all know that creative individuals who find success in their career typically have exceptional talent. But they also tend to have a high need for achievement and a high level of self-discipline. In regards to reducing the incidence of depression, this means a writer can still envision a vast variety of scenarios, but, in their own life, they learn to recognize which cognitive roads are dead ends and avoid taking their own vehicle down those paths. Even if the entry points look inviting.

As for bio-chemical imbalances, sure, they often account for some types of depression and many people may be helped by medication. At the same time, there are also physical, social, mental and spiritual activities that affect the bio-chemical levels in the body. Many a diabetic has found their diabetes go into remission a few weeks after beginning a regimen of long-distance running. Research has also shown that praise-filled prayer increases the production of certain types of positive neuro-chemicals. One cure for the melancholy writer immersed in a melodrama, might be found in a prayerful melody.

Finally, there’s a difference between rumination and reflection. In his book, “Patience and Humility,” William Ullathorne describes sadness as being self-centered. Having one’s mind focused on serving God and others leaves less opportunity for discouraging thoughts. Even when dire circumstances and the presence of evil beckon the winds of depression, we need to remind ourselves to breath in the Spirit of Love. We need not put on rose-colored glasses to filter out the reality when harm is being done to our brothers and sister - or even to the kingdom of God. But, we do well to make room for God’s love through personal detachment and embrace that love through trust. As the Christian rock group Petra sings, “be encouraged . . . where there’s a shadow, there’s a light. . . Joy is not where we’ve been, but Who’s waiting for us at the end.”

Banshee said...

The problem with depression and self-loathing is that they make you hate your own art, no matter how good it is or how many people it helps. I know that art's the kind of gift that's given for others to enjoy, which helps somewhat. Still, it's a bit hard to work on my album when I'm sick of my songs and loathe the sound of my own voice. The only relief is that I get to collaborate with other people on it.

What I love about art (and blogs), and particularly about science fiction and fantasy, is that it brings me out of myself and into someone else's world.

Anonymous said...

Regarding Aquinas on art: one must keep in mind that "art" for Aquinas and Aristotle is broader in meaning than what we understand by the word--art names the virtue perfecting our ability to make something, some product. Now, it is clear that excellence in performing some of what we call the fine arts would still be considered art under that definition (for example, playing a musical instrument); however, literature may not--it depends on how we define good literature. If literature necessarily includes conveying of some message tied to human morality, then I would argue that the production of good literature involves not only the virtue of art (which deals with the mechanics of conveying the message--style, etc.) but is incompatible with moral vice. (The possession of moral virtue may not be necessary--perhaps one can perceive moral truth but be incontinent, and yet still produce good literature because he is not blind to moral truth.)

Anonymous said...

You wrote:
Being a real poor person counts for more than being a Catholic Worker from a middle class background. Jesus no doubt disagrees :-) (I'm thinking of the workers who all received the same wage). So I should give this theory more thought...

I say:
Jesus may disagree with you but I don't! You have captured perfectly the problem I have with so many "professional" Christians. I find them attention-seeking, chasing after the approval of others like themselves--fellow holders of Endowed Chair of Social Justice and Equality Studies, experts on Kierkegaard, etc. I much prefer the company of ordinary folks.

With that said I do love to read and think and this is a great thread. I can't help thinking how I wish all of you who posted were within walking distance and you could come over to my house for a cup of tea and a plate of cookies and we could tease out some of this stuff. I don't know any "live persons" who talk about these kinds of questions.

For the person who wrote about sadness as self-indulgent--this spoke to me very much. I have been (and am at present) a sad person at different times in my life, and I have also fought these feelings--and continue to fight them--through service to my community. It is the only antidote in my experience, and personally rewarding to boot. I do think though, that sadness must be looked at in the context of a person's personal circumstance. I am in close contact with some people (neighbors) who have had tremendous ongoing suffering in their life--my friends teenage nephew, for instance, lost both his parents to AIDS. He lives on his own in one of the roughtest housing projects in my city. I contrast this with a professor acquaintance of mind, a professional Christian who has a vintage three-flat with shiny hardwood floors and handmade bookcases, in a "funky" rehabbed neighborhood, a secure job with a pension. He is on the board of some local "social justice" organizations with other People who Matter, and a strong vocal opponent to the Iraq War and hugely concerned about the government's "abandonment of the poor", etc. etc. but he doesn't live within walking distance of any housing projects. Both these people are sad, but I see the teenager's sadness as far less self-indulgent than the professor's.

Anonymous said...

All I needed to hear was that Graham Greene was "Clintonian" (which I assume means "like Bill Clinton"), and that sums it up for me!

The man surely must be in Hell, next to Satan himself!!

Anonymous said...

It's wrong and uncharitable to ever assume that someone is damned...even Hitler. He could have repented between the time the bullet left his gun and the time his soul left his body, and, if the repentence had been true, God would have forgiven him. You cannot know Grahm Greene's fate.

S.S.

Anonymous said...

There's little doubt in my mind that Graham Greene wouldn't have been a decent writer if he'd have been on anti-depressants - nor as bad a sinner? See this NY Times article.

Anonymous said...

Sorry, I don't have time to read all the discussion here right now, so forgive me if someone has already said this, but ... Didn't Francis Schaeffer postulate that the life of the artist DOES affect how the art is and should be viewed? I seem to recall him using the example of Salvador Dali as a life of depravity that negatively tainted his art. Whether you agree with Schaeffer or not is another question, I suppose. His philosophy, though, has been highly influential for me (and many others). Just though I'd throw that out ...

BTW, Barbara, I met Tom Hohman here in Charlotte and we're scheming a bit about how we can get you down here sometime ;-)

Shalom,
Steve Knight

http://www.knightopia.com/journal/

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